Mistakes in arterial blood gas abg interpretation are common in clinical practice. Interpretation of the arterial blood gas selflearning packet see swift for list of qualifying boards for continuing education hours. Oxygen content of blood is affected by level and affinity state of hemoglobin. Oxygen content o2ct, oxygen saturation sao2, and bicarbonate hco3 values are also measured. Arterial blood gas analysis for emergency medicine registrars. Introduction identifying acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is crucial in the initial management of acute exacerbations of copd. The interpretation of arterial blood gases australian.
How to interpret an arterial blood gas analysis lecturio. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology associated with a patients condition and how it relates to an acidbase imbalance will also be discussed. An arterial blood gas abg analysis can tell you about a patients oxygenation, acidbase balance, pulmonary function, and metabolic status. Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory. Guidelines recommend obtaining arterial blood samples but these are more difficult to obtain than venous. Arterial blood gas abg analysis plays a pivotal role in the management of critically ill patients. Be able to interpret simple arterial blood gas analyses in the context of cardiac arrest or impending cardiac arrest have a systematic approach to arterial blood gas interpretation. Arterial blood bas abg procedure and interpretation. List the types of samples that can be analyzed for blood gas and analyte concentrations.
University of connecticut acidbase online tutorial this site contains information on acidbase physiology, common acidbase abnormalities, cases and pearls of arterial blood gas interpretation. Arterial blood gas interpretation the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the ph and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Arterial blood gas sampling the society for acute medicine. Arterial blood provides more information than venous blood with regard to acidbase and oxygenation status. Some abg results also show hemoglobin and serum electrolyte values. We assessed whether blood gas values derived from venous blood could replace arterial at initial assessment. This is relevant in febrile or hypothermic patients, so body temperature should be recorded at the time of collection. Know some of the indications and contraindications for performing an arterial puncture. However, the more complicated and in some ways more important part of abg analysis is ph regulation. Be able to demonstrate the technique for performing an arterial puncture.
Analyze the ph the first step in analyzing abgs is to look at the ph. View and download powerpoint presentations on arterial blood gas interpretation powerpoint ppt. Arterial blood gas interpretation, abg analysis, rules for rapid abg analysis, anion gap, approach to mixed disorders introduction arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Now, answer these questions and see how many you can hit right. Initially evaluate the ph to determine if an acidemia or alkalemia is present. It is simple, perhaps simplistic, but it will hopefully arm the reader with the tools and confidence to make better sense of abg results in future. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1.
If it falls into the normal range, label what side of 7. Your doctor may run a blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas abg test if you are showing the signs of an oxygen, carbon dioxide, or ph imbalance such as confusion or difficulty breathing. You must know the expected normal values, and be able to interpret the degree of abnormality in the parameters reported in the blood gas analysis report. This helpful, practical book begins with a clear explanation of acidbase balance, followed by a straightforward sixstep approach to arterial blood gas interpretation.
Mar 18, 2020 interpretation of arterial blood gas analysis seems complicated. The following is a simplified explanation of abgs, including a practical method for interpreting results. This workshop is intended as a basic introduction to arterial blood gas interpretation. An introduction to blood gas analysis nursing times. Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Arterial blood gas interpretation felicia ratnaraj internal medicine pgy 3. As pao2 increases, more oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells, where it combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Although no randomized controlled study has ever been performed evaluating the benefit of abg analysis in the intensive care unit icu, it is likely this technology stands alone as the diagnostic test which has had the greatest impact on the management of critically ill patients.
Pdf version of a society for critical care medicine sccm lecture on arterial blood gas analysis opens in a new window. Each institution has its own protocol for ordering, collection and analysis of blood gases. Arterial blood gas abg analysis assesses the adequacy of ventilation, oxygenation, and the acidbase status of the body by measuring the levels of ph, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate in arterial blood. Arterial blood gas interpretation 1 acidaemia or alkalaemia. This is the first of a twopart unit on arterial blood gas abg analysis, and focuses on background information and basic interpretation of abgs where no evident compensation is taking place. This information indicates a patients acidbase balance, the effectiveness of their gas exchange and the state of their ventilatory. Interpret the ag in the clinical context of the patient in front of you abg interpretation what numbers do you get on an abg. This video tutorial is on how to setup arterial blood gas problems using the tic tac toe method. An arterial blood gas abg is a blood test that is used to measure a few vital things is the body, such as the levels of oxygen o2, carbon dioxide co2, acid, or ph from an artery. Interpretation of abg results, which can play a major role in diagnosis and treatment of pa. However, the femoral artery and brachial artery can be used if necessary. May 23, 20 consider doing a venous gas much of the important blood gas information can be elicited from a venous blood gas and it is much less painful if you are going to do a blood gas dont have multiple attempts in the same spot if you initially fail either get someone else to try or consider trying the femoral artery, brachial artery or.
Interpretation of arterial blood gases abgs david a. Oct 16, 20 the basics of analysing an abg in 5 min. Comparison of blood gas analysis at different sites arterial capillary venous. A 40 yearold mountain climber ascends to an elevation of 15,000 feet. It discusses the various components on an abg report, the normal ranges and the significance of abnormal readings. In cases where blood gas values do not fall into any of the above classifications, an answer unable to determine will appear when using the interpreter.
Blood gas worksheet checklist download pdf you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed during your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. Arterial blood gas analysis for emergency medicine registrars very helpful investigation in critical care you should be an expert you need a system, and must be thorough they are not really that hard part 1 the basics part 2 compensation part 3 metabolic acidosis part 4 metabolic alkalosis. Arterial blood gas analysis has become an essential skill for all healthcare practitioners. Arterial blood gases abg can be difficult and confusing to understand at first. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. The chinese university of hong kong sampling of arterial blood for blood gas analysis will yield information on. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent on being able to correctly interpret the results. We may be presented increasingly with venous blood gases 2. Blood gas analysis, which allows assessment of patient acidbase status.
User competencies should be documented in their personnel file. Fio2 the percentage of inspired oxygen that you took the blood gas on ph normal range 7. Arterial blood gas normal values and interpretation by dr. Arterial blood gas interpretation linkedin slideshare. Mar 26, 2018 arterial blood gas is usually advised to patients suffering from respiratory illnesses or under critical care. Interpreting and using the arterial blood gas analysis lian, jin xiong bsn, rn, cns nursing critical care. This document serves as a general guide for blood gas analysis bga testing that can be useful for laboratory. Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky medics. When one thinks of abg analysis, oxygenation may come to mind first. Interpretation of cohb in cases of delayed measurement. Clarifying the confusion of arterial blood gas analysis. Blood can be drawn via an arterial stick from the wrist, groin, or above the elbow. Slowlysmoothly insert needle, bevel up, 45 degrees, until flash of blood is seen in needle hub.
Colorcoding is used to help students decide whether a blood gas is normal, compensated or uncompensated acidosis or alkalosis. Arterial blood gas interpretation medical books free. Explain the types of errors that can occur with blood gas analysis. Interpretation of arterial blood gas pubmed central pmc. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Apr 03, 2020 an arterial blood gas requires the nurse to collect a small sample of blood generally, a full 1 ml. At the end of that time, she has an arterial blood gas drawn which show. Oxygenation of blood through gas exchange in the lungs.
Identify normal arterial blood gas values and interpret the meaning of abnormal values. Arterial blood gas analysis workshop page 1 of 8 arterial blood gas analysis workshop key teaching objectives by the end of the session, the candidate will. Venous blood is good for hco3 estimation but bad for ph, pco 2 and po 2. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent. An abg is the most accurate representation of a patients clinical status and correct interpretation can lead to quicker and more accurate changes in the. Blood gas evaluation link to condensed version case 5. This test measures the partial levels of these substances using a small blood sample. Interpret the results of various arterial blood gas samples. The vetstat analyzer offers an easytouse touchscreen. Alternatively, run the blood gas, preferably yourself, immediately after taking it 4. She remains there for a period of 3 weeks as part of a research project. Practices related to processing of blood gas samples are not standardized in the republic of croatia.
Choose from 500 different sets of arterial blood gas flashcards on quizlet. Arterial blood gas interpretation powerpoint ppt xpowerpoint. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four atoms of iron and therefore can combine with four molecules of oxygen. Basics in arterial blood gas interpretation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Arterial blood gas analysis is a common investigation in emergency departments and intensive care units for monitoring patients with acute respiratory failure. Carbon dioxide co2 elimination through respiration. Interpretation of arterial blood gas article pdf available in indian journal of critical care medicine 142. Then evaluate the respiratory parameter paco 2 and the metabolic parameter hco 3 to determine if the acidemia or alkalemia is respiratory or metabolic in origin. The vetstat analyzer is an electrolyte and blood gas analyzer for veterinary use. However, its a crucial skill for nurses, physicians, respiratory therapists, and nursing students to learn. This portable analyzer provides fast, accurate results via singleuse disposable cassettes using samples of whole blood, plasma or serum. This indispensable tool helps you assess and monitor critically ill patients in the icu or other critical care settings.
Interpretation of blood gas and acidbase data julia h. Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance. This test is used to check the function of the lungs, and how well they are able to move oxygen into the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide. Here youll get an excellent overview and a stepwise approach to interpret abg analysis. First, though, lets take a closer look at each of the values measured by abg analysis. Arterial blood gas values have five basic components that you use to assess patients. What i found was a somewhat mixed bag, in terms of current opinions regarding whether routine abgs are appropriate in healthy neonates. Riley, bvsc, ms before discussing clinical cases we would like to present a brief recent history of developments in the area of acidbase and bloodgas analysis so some appreciationofthe efforts of those who have worked to simplify measurement techniques and clarify clinical. Abgs made easy for nurses w tic tac toe method for. Basic physiological concepts, anion gap, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis. In case of delay, the sample should be placed in ice and such iced sample can be processed upto 2 hours without affecting the blood gas values. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references.
An introduction to blood gas analysis 18 march, 2003 blood gas analysis is a procedure that is associated with high dependency, intensive care and respiratory units, but equipment used to carry out blood gas analysis is now commonplace on hospital wards and in some community services. Mixed acid base disorder more than one problem is present both co 2 and. Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach. Blood gas and critical care analyte analysis chapter objectives 1. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there. Co2 retention or you lost a lot of alkali higher alkalosis. Learn arterial blood gas with free interactive flashcards.
The radial artery on the wrist is most commonly used to obtain the sample. It is possible to have a mixed respiratory and metabolic disorder that makes interpretation of an arterial blood gas result difficult. Sep 07, 2009 basics in arterial blood gas interpretation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Approach to blood gas interpretation uct anaesthesia. Arterial blood gas test normal values shows values for ph, oxygen, carbon dioxide, bicarbonates, lactic acid levels and oxygen saturation. Body temperature can also affect arterial blood gas tensions. Differences are subtle but important on venous gas. Download arterial blood gas interpretation pdf our professional services was released using a wish to function as a total on the web electronic catalogue that provides entry to multitude of pdf file guide catalog. Identify the relationship between oxygen saturation and pao2 as it relates to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
The investigation is relatively easy to perform and yields information that can guide the management of acute and chronic illnesses. Arterial blood gas interpretation abg arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and the ph of an arterial blood sample. Step by step instructions and blood gas interpretation rules are included on the backside of the card. While drawing venous sample make sure that no tourniquet is applied, artery is not compressed and sample is drawn against the flow of blood towards heart. You must become the expert in interpreting arterial blood gas results. Blood gas interpretation in the neonate what do you need.
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